Order #

Test Name

Academic Price

Industry Price

Stable Isotopes: Enrichment and Concentration

Y4050

Amino acids

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

BCAA and phenylalanine, gluconeogenic amino acids, and glutamate and GABA concentration, and ¹³C or ²H isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the trifluoro-acetamide n-butyl ester derivatives) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma, or 50 mg tissue.

Y4051

Beta-hydroxybutyrate

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

Plasma beta-hydroxybutyrate concentration, and ¹³C or ²H isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the TMS derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

Y4052

Free fatty acid

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

Total serum non-esterified fatty acid concentrations are measured using an acyl-CoA oxidase-based colorimetric kit (Wako NEFA-C, Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Osaka, Japan). For measurements of free fatty acid profiles, and isotopic enrichments, ¹³C, or ²H, the lipids are extracted from plasma with heptane/isopropanol. This solvent is evaporated and the free fatty acids are methylated using diazomethane), and analyzed by GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

Y4053

Glucose

$5 per sample

$25 per sample

Plasma glucose concentrations are measured by the glucose oxidase method (Glucose Analyzer II; Beckman Instruments, Fullerton, CA). ¹³C, or ²H, isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the penta-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

Y4054

Glycerol

$5 per sample

$25 per sample

Plasma glycerol concentrations, ¹³C, or ²H, isotopic enrichments, are measured (as the tri-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 20 µl plasma.

Y4055

Glycogen

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

Liver, and muscle glycogen is extracted with 0.9 N perchloric acid and 99% ethanol to precipitate glycogen. The glycogen from the pellet is dialysed, and digested to free glucose with amyloglucosidase. Concentrations are determined as described above for glucose. These measurements can be made in 10 mg tissue. Specific carbon labeling is determined by ¹³C-NMR (Avance 500, Bruker, Inc. Billerica, MA). Total ¹³C, or ²H, isotopic enrichments are determined (as the penta-acetate derivative) using GC-MS (HP 5973MSD, Hewlett-Packard Instrument Corp., Palo Alto, CA). These measurements can be made in 100 mg tissue.

Y4057

Long-chain fatty acyl CoA esters

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

Frozen tissue (~100mg), liver or muscle, is ground under liquid nitrogen and homogenized in 100mM KH₂PO₄, pH 4.9 and 2-propanol. Heptadecanoyl CoA was added as internal standard. Saturated (NH₄)₂SO₄ and acetonitrile are added for phase separation solid phase extraction using Oligonucleotide Purification Cartridges (Applied Biosystems, Singapore). The cartridges are washed with distilled water, and then long-chain fatty acyl CoA esters (LCACoAs) are eluted slowly with 0.5ml of 60% acetonitrile. The eluent is dried, then reconstituted in 100µl of methanol/H₂O for ESI/MS/MS analysis. Analysis is performed on a bench top tandem mass spectrometer API3000 (Perkin-Elmer Sciex) interfaced with a TurboIonspray ionization source in flow injection mode.Using negative electrospray ionization mode, LCACoAs are ionized predominantly to doubly charged form and yields abundant specific product ions from CID (collision induced dissociation). LCACoAs are quantified by monitoring [M-2H]²-/ [M-H-80]-.

Y4059

ADP, ATP

$15 per sample

$75 per sample

Tissues (50 to 100 mg) are extracted with 0.9N ice-cold perchloric acid. The concentrations of nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and AMP, in the supernatent are then determined by HPLC using a Supelcosil SAX1 (25cm x 4.6 mm x 0.5 _m) column using a gradient of 5 mM ammonium phosphate, pH2.8 (buffer A) and 750 mM ammonium phosphate, pH 3.9 (buffer B) at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. A linear gradient is developed over 14 minutes at 0% buffer B to 9% buffer B, then from 14 to 32 minutes from 9% buffer B to 100% buffer B. A Rainin HPXL solvent delivery system (2 pumps) with a Rainin Dynamax UV-1 absorbance detector (254 nm) controlled by Rainin Dynamax HPLC Method Manager is used for solvent programming and data collection. Peak identification was assigned by comparison of retention times to known external standards (AMP: ~ 5.5 min, ADP: ~ 25.7 min, ATP: ~ 29.0 min). Nucleotide concentrations were calculated from the concentration standard curves of absorbance for the external standards

Serum Metabolic Panel

(An additional charge of $7 per test batch will be assessed for calibrators and controls.)

A serum metabolic panel is obtained using the COBAS MIRA system (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN). The metabolic panel is grouped into commonly reported panels: Chem 7, Liver Function Tests, Lipid Profile, and Divalent ions. Tests may be selected as a panel, or individual tests within a panel may be requested. Plasma volumes required vary dependant on the tests requested, with a range of 5 to 100 µl with a minimum of 75 µl required for accurate sampling.

Y4070

Chem 7
A complete panel consists of five analytical tests. The cost for a complete Chem 7 Panel is 5 times the price indicated above for each analysis. A subset of the complete panel can be chosen.

Plasma $3.60
or
Urine $7.20
each analysis

$18.38 each analysis

The serum chemicals are as follows:

1. BUN (blood urea nitrogen)
2. Chloride
3. CO₂ (carbon dioxide)
4. Creatinine
5. Glucose
6. Potassium
7. Sodium

Y4071

Liver Function Tests
A complete panel consists of seven analytical tests. The cost for a complete Liver Function Test panel is 7 times the price indicated above for each analysis. A subset of the complete panel can be chosen.

Plasma $3.60
or
Urine $7.20
each analysis

$18.38 each analysis

The serum chemicals, and enzyme activities, measured are as follows:

1. Albumin
2. ALT: Alanine Transferase
3. ALP: Alkaline Phosphatase
4. AST: Aspatate Aminotransferase
5. Total Bilirubin
6. Direct Bilirubin
7. Direct Bilirubin

Y4072

Lipid
A complete panel consists of six analytical tests. The cost for a complete Lipid Panel is 6 times the price indicated above for each analysis. A subset of the complete panel can be chosen.

Plasma $3.60
or
Urine $7.20
each analysis

$22.12 each analysis

The serum chemicals, and enzyme activities, measured are as follows:

1. Non-esterified fatty acids
2. ß-Hydroxybutyrate
3. Cholesterol
4. HDL-cholesterol direct
5. LDL-cholesterol direct
6. Triglycerides

Y4073

Divalent Ions
A complete panel consists of three analytical tests. The cost for a complete panel is 3 times the price indicated above for each analysis. A subset of the complete panel can be chosen.

Plasma $3.60
or
Urine $7.20
each analysis

$18.77 each analysis

The serum divalent ions measured are as follows:

1. Calcium
2. Inorganic Phosphorus
3. Magnesium

Hormones

Y4080

Insulin

$6.00
per
sample

$30.00 per sample

Plasma immunoreactive insulin is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit and rat insulin standards (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO).

Y4081

Glucagon

$6.00
per
sample

$30.00 per sample

Plasma immunoreactive glucagon is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO).

Y4082

Leptin

$6.00
per
sample

$30.00 per sample

Plasma immunoreactive leptin is assayed using a double-antibody immunoassay kit (Linco Research, St. Louis, MO)